Introduction:-

• • It involves inserting SQL Queries through user input to manipulate the database.

    • Successful exploitation can result in:

      • Reading sensitive data from the database.

      • Modifying database entries through insert, update, or delete operations.

      • Executing administrative tasks on the database, such as shutting down the DBMS.

    • SQL injection attacks are a subset of injection attacks where SQL commands are injected into data inputs to manipulate the execution of predefined SQL commands.

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Threat Modeling

• • Allow attackers to spoof identity, manipulate data, Repudiation vulnerabilities, data exposure, data unavailability, Administrator privileges, etc.

    • SQL Injection is common in PHP and ASP apps due to older interfaces. J2EE and ASP.NET apps are less susceptible due to stronger programmatic interfaces.

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Description

• These attacks occur when:-

  • Unintended data enters from an untrusted source

  • The data is used to dynamically construct a SQL query.

• Confidentiality: Loss of sensitive data due to SQL Injection vulnerabilities.

• Authentication: Risk of unauthorized system access via weak SQL commands for user authentication.

• Authorization: Potential manipulation of authorization information stored in SQL databases.

• Integrity: Risk of data alteration or deletion through SQL Injection attacks.

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Example

<?php

$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = $_POST['password'];

$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='$username' AND password='$password'";

$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
    echo "Welcome, $username!";
} else {
   echo "Invalid username or password!";
}

Suppose the attacker enters the following in username field,

'' OR '1'='1'

The SQL query will then become,

SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='' OR '1'='1' AND password='$password'

Since '1'='1' always evaluates to true, the WHERE clause will always return all rows from the user's table, effectively bypassing the password check. As a result, the attacker can log in without knowing a valid username or password.